Risks of MRI Scans

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a remarkable diagnostic tool that offers detailed images of the inside of the body without using harmful radiation. However, like any medical procedure, MRI scans come with their own set of risks and considerations.

Understanding these risks can help patients and caregivers make informed decisions and feel more comfortable with the process. This article will delve into the various risks associated with MRI scans, focusing on brain MRIs and their specific implications.

While MRI scans are generally considered safe, there are potential risks that patients should be aware of:

MRI machines generate powerful magnetic fields. These fields can interfere with medical devices that patients may have, such as pacemakers, cochlear implants, or certain types of metal implants.

The magnetic field can cause these devices to malfunction or move, which can be dangerous. It is crucial to inform your healthcare provider about any implants or metal objects in your body before undergoing an MRI scan.

In some MRI procedures, a contrast material called gadolinium is injected into the bloodstream to enhance the clarity of the images. Although gadolinium is generally safe, some patients may experience allergic reactions.

These reactions can range from mild (such as a rash) to severe (such as difficulty breathing). Recent research and guidelines are continually evolving regarding the safety of gadolinium-based contrast agents, emphasizing the importance of assessing kidney function and understanding the risks of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) in patients with severe kidney problems.

If you have a known allergy to gadolinium or other contrast materials, discuss the risks with your healthcare provider.

The enclosed space of the MRI machine can cause anxiety or claustrophobia in some patients. The machine's narrow, tunnel-like structure can be intimidating, especially for those with a fear of confined spaces.

If you have claustrophobia, talk to your healthcare provider about possible solutions, such as sedation or the use of an open MRI machine, which is less confining. Advances in MRI technology, such as the development of quieter machines and faster scanning techniques, have also helped reduce the discomfort associated with traditional MRI machines.

MRI machines can be quite noisy, producing very distinct thumping or tapping sounds during the scan. This noise can be uncomfortable for some patients. Earplugs or headphones are usually provided to help reduce the noise, but the experience can still be unsettling.

Additionally, staying still for the duration of the scan can be uncomfortable, especially if the procedure takes a long time. Newer MRI machines are designed to be quieter and have shorter scan times, helping to alleviate some of these concerns.

While MRI scans do not use ionizing radiation, the effects of strong magnetic fields and radio waves on a developing fetus are not entirely known. Therefore, it is generally recommended that pregnant women avoid MRI scans, especially during the first trimester, unless absolutely necessary. If an MRI is needed, the healthcare provider will weigh the benefits and risks to ensure the safety of both the mother and the baby.

Brain MRIs, while incredibly useful, also come with specific risks that should be considered:

Brain MRIs can sometimes reveal incidental findings—abnormalities that are unrelated to the reason for the scan. While some incidental findings may require further investigation, others may lead to unnecessary worry and additional tests.

It is important to discuss the potential for incidental findings with your healthcare provider and understand the implications.

While MRI is a highly accurate imaging technique, there is still a risk of misdiagnosis. Certain brain conditions, such as small tumors or lesions, may be difficult to detect or differentiate from normal variations.

It is essential to have MRI results interpreted by an experienced radiologist to minimize the risk of misdiagnosis.

Understanding and managing the risks associated with MRI scans can help ensure a safe and successful procedure. Here are some steps you can take:

• Provide a Complete Medical History: Inform your healthcare provider about any medical devices, allergies, or conditions you may have. Be sure to also inform your healthcare provider regarding any other known or suspected retained metal within your body. This information is crucial for assessing the safety of the MRI scan.
• Discuss Anxiety and Claustrophobia: If you are anxious or claustrophobic, discuss your concerns with your healthcare provider. They can offer solutions such as sedation, an open MRI machine, or relaxation techniques to help you feel more comfortable.
• Follow Pre-Scan Instructions: Your healthcare provider will give you specific instructions to follow before the scan, such as fasting or avoiding certain medications. Following these instructions can help reduce risks and ensure the accuracy of the scan.
• Stay Informed: Ask questions and stay informed about the procedure. Understanding what to expect can help alleviate anxiety and ensure you are fully prepared for the scan.

• Be aware of the potential risks associated with medical implants and inform your healthcare provider.
• Understand the risks of gadolinium contrast, stay updated with the latest research, and discuss any known allergies with your healthcare provider.
• Address any fears or anxieties with your healthcare provider to find suitable solutions, and be aware of advancements in MRI technology that may help.
• Prepare for the noise and possible discomfort during the scan, and take advantage of newer, quieter MRI machines when available.
• Pregnant women should avoid MRI scans unless absolutely necessary and discuss the risks with their healthcare provider.

• RadiologyInfo.org
• National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
• American College of Radiology (ACR)
• American Brain Tumor Association (ABTA)
• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
• National Brain Tumor Society (NBTS)